![]() Our target was Salina, Kansas. With a long drive ahead of us we discussed our plan to go to Salina as it would be the last chance for us to get data via a digital cell phone signal. But as we entered Kansas City around 9:30 a.m. we thought our chase territory would end up being to the NW of Salina.
Driving west on I-70 at about 11:45 a.m. we were stopped on the highway as they temporarily closed the road while a car fire was being put out. This set us back about a half our. Our goal was to be in Salina by 1 p.m., but it looked like we wouldn't get there quite that soon. While driving west we encountered some of the most intense winds in central Kansas. Sustained winds at nearby reporting stations were at around 30 mph with gusts into the 40s. Keeping the vehicle on the road was a challenge. Straw was flying everywhere. A small hay field was building up on the Suburban's antennas. Once we entered our base target of Salina at 1:35, we stopped to fill up on gas, got data and talked to Chris Gullikson on the phone. With all that we decided to head toward Stockton, KS where it was west of the sun/cloud line and east of the dryline. It seemed like a good central location to relocate.
![]() On our way to Stockton at about 2:30 p.m., near the city of Lincoln, Chris gave us another call and informed us that a cumulus field had developed about 10 miles west of Hays, KS. So with that said, we dropped back down to I-70 and headed for Hays.
At 3:45 p.m. we arrived near the city of Victoria where we could see a cell going up. We exited at Victoria and went south in persuit. As we did Peggy noticed another cell further south-east of the initial developing cell. This one had a much more defined updraft tower and just looked to be the better option. Our goal was to head south and then east to get closer, and then follow the cell to the NE, which was it's mean motion. As we attempted to get closer, smaller storms had popped up all around us. Large rain drops and clouds started to obscure our visibility. Unfortunately we couldn't find a route east until we went as far as Loretta. This put the cell far ahead of us. Our first move was a bad one.
![]() Heading back up to Victoria we could see a cell to our north that had a warning issued for it. Peggy didn't think we would ever catch these cells but didn't mention it until after the fact. After all, we drove all the way to Kansas, we were not about to give up so easily. We tailed the cell north to near the city of Emmeram, KS. The cluster of storms around us were not very defined, classic supercells. They were a bit mushy, and it was hard to find any wall clouds associated with anything. About this time Chris Gullikson gave us another call and told us that the cell was on the Ellis/Rooks county line, just south of Plainville, KS, moving NE at 40. Peggy and I planned a route to the NE to intercept the cell near the city of Covert in Osborne County. About 5 p.m. time we started to see more structure, lowerings and whatnot, perhaps even an obscured wall cloud. According to storm reports 1.75" hail was reported just to our north by about 5 miles near the city of Natoma. While this was happening we ran into a snag when we drove down a very poorly maintained road, which appeared to be some sort of access road to an oil field. It must have been recently graded. It was very flat but the combination of clay with a fresh coat or rain was no match for Peggy's 4 wheel drive Suburban. Most of the 1/2 mile to mile stretch of road we were driving at a 45 degree angle with 2 tires in the shallow ditch. We were able to make it out, but now fallen back behind the cell. We had to make up some time.
![]() We finally made it to the Covert area. Here Chris gave us a call and told us that the National Weather Service had issued a tornado warning for this cell, and it had now slowed to about 20 MPH. Visually we could see the metamorphasis over from Classic Supercell to an LP cell. The skies around the cell seemed to clear out a bit as it begain to steal the energy from nearby cells. We were on the best show in the area. As it evolved from a classic stage into the LP stage it took on a horseshoe shape. It was at this point where Chris gave us a call again and informed us that it showed a real nice classic hook to the storm, around 60 DBZ on radar, and had been the cause for a tornado warning. He also mentioned he thought it was a "right mover".
![]() The cell began to really take on some very defined features. Banding, a very large and beautiful beaver's tail, a perfect, erect updraft tower, mammatus bubbling below the anvil, etc. It was just gorgeous. The updraft tower at times had a nice helical twist or "Barber Pole" to it. The Beaver's tail was so long and pronounced that it looked to be the same length as the updraft was high. The whole storm was very tight and compact with little precipitation below. We could see some hail shafts but that was about it. As we stopped, we could see that the entire supercell was rotating. Occasional lowerings from poorly defined inflow areas or wall clouds peaked our interest from time to time but nothing that I would definatively say was a funnel.
![]() The chase ended near the city of Esbon as the sun set about 7:30. As Peggy observed, the storm went through a constant state of change. It showed us just about everything but a tornado. This was my first LP storm, and well worth it.
![]()
Sounding Data |
72451 DDC Dodge City(Awos) Observations at 00Z 10 Oct 2001 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRES HGHT TEMP DWPT RELH MIXR DRCT SKNT THTA THTE THTV hPa m C C % g/kg deg knot K K K ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1000.0 -10 925.0 674 913.0 790 26.2 16.2 54 12.85 180 21 307.2 346.3 309.6 900.1 914 25.0 15.4 55 12.37 180 25 307.3 344.9 309.5 869.1 1219 22.1 13.4 58 11.27 180 32 307.3 341.6 309.4 850.0 1412 20.2 12.2 60 10.61 195 31 307.3 339.6 309.2 809.8 1829 18.1 3.6 38 6.16 215 33 309.4 328.7 310.6 807.0 1858 18.0 3.0 37 5.92 215 33 309.6 328.1 310.6 780.9 2134 15.4 2.0 40 5.69 215 37 309.6 327.5 310.7 753.1 2438 12.5 0.9 45 5.44 220 38 309.7 326.9 310.7 726.2 2743 9.5 -0.3 50 5.20 225 38 309.8 326.2 310.7 700.0 3051 6.6 -1.4 57 4.96 225 38 309.8 325.5 310.7 649.4 3658 1.1 -3.5 71 4.57 235 39 310.2 324.8 311.1 620.0 4032 -2.3 -4.8 83 4.34 244 35 310.5 324.4 311.3 604.0 4239 -2.5 -11.5 50 2.64 249 32 312.6 321.3 313.1 601.9 4267 -2.6 -12.1 48 2.53 250 32 312.8 321.2 313.3 587.0 4466 -3.3 -16.3 36 1.83 253 31 314.2 320.4 314.6 579.1 4572 -3.7 -16.9 35 1.76 255 31 314.9 321.0 315.3 557.1 4877 -4.9 -18.8 33 1.57 255 35 317.1 322.5 317.4 553.0 4936 -5.1 -19.1 32 1.54 254 35 317.5 322.8 317.8 500.0 5720 -9.7 -25.7 26 0.95 245 36 321.1 324.6 321.3 475.6 6096 -12.7 -28.5 25 0.77 245 39 322.1 324.9 322.2 400.0 7400 -23.1 -38.1 24 0.36 245 41 324.9 326.3 324.9 387.7 7620 -25.0 -39.6 24 0.32 240 41 325.3 326.6 325.4 312.4 9144 -37.9 -50.3 26 0.12 240 38 328.1 328.6 328.1 300.0 9430 -40.3 -52.3 26 0.10 235 38 328.4 328.9 328.5 299.1 9449 -40.5 -52.4 27 0.10 235 38 328.5 328.9 328.5 250.0 10650 -50.7 -60.7 30 0.04 245 50 330.6 330.8 330.6 249.3 10668 -50.8 -60.8 30 0.04 245 50 330.6 330.8 330.6 237.8 10973 -53.1 -62.3 32 0.04 245 54 331.7 331.8 331.7 236.0 11021 -53.5 -62.5 32 0.04 244 54 331.8 332.0 331.8 216.0 11582 -56.0 -65.0 31 0.03 230 49 336.5 336.6 336.5 201.0 12038 -58.0 -67.0 31 0.02 235 71 340.3 340.4 340.3 200.0 12070 -58.1 -67.1 31 0.02 235 71 340.6 340.7 340.6 196.2 12192 -57.8 -66.8 31 0.02 235 71 342.9 343.0 342.9 165.0 13294 -55.3 -64.3 32 0.04 229 61 364.5 364.7 364.5 150.0 13900 -58.1 -67.1 31 0.03 225 55 369.8 369.9 369.8 147.1 14021 -58.5 -67.5 30 0.03 225 55 371.1 371.2 371.1 133.4 14630 -60.7 -69.7 30 0.02 235 57 377.8 377.9 377.8 124.0 15086 -62.3 -71.3 29 0.02 239 47 382.8 382.9 382.8 121.0 15240 -62.0 -71.0 29 0.02 240 44 386.1 386.2 386.1 115.2 15545 -61.5 -70.5 29 0.02 240 35 392.5 392.7 392.5 100.0 16420 -59.9 -68.9 30 0.04 230 34 411.7 411.9 411.7 99.4 16459 -59.9 -68.8 30 0.04 230 33 412.5 412.8 412.6 94.7 16764 -59.5 -68.5 30 0.04 235 36 419.1 419.3 419.1 94.7 16761 -59.5 -68.5 30 0.04 235 36 419.0 419.2 419.0 89.2 17137 -57.1 -66.1 31 0.06 247 30 431.0 431.3 431.0 85.9 17374 -58.1 -66.9 31 0.05 255 26 433.7 434.0 433.7 70.0 18650 -63.3 -71.3 33 0.04 240 16 448.6 448.9 448.6 64.0 19202 -62.5 -70.8 32 0.04 240 17 461.9 462.2 461.9 50.1 20726 -60.3 -69.3 30 0.07 280 16 500.6 501.1 500.6 50.0 20740 -60.3 -69.3 30 0.07 280 16 500.9 501.4 501.0 45.5 21336 -59.2 -68.2 30 0.09 280 18 517.4 518.0 517.4 43.4 21625 -58.7 -67.7 30 0.10 281 18 525.5 526.2 525.6 36.5 22726 -52.9 -62.9 29 0.22 286 16 567.1 568.8 567.2 31.0 23774 -52.7 -62.7 29 0.27 290 14 594.6 596.7 594.6 30.0 23990 -52.7 -62.7 29 0.28 600.4 602.6 600.5 29.4 24121 -52.3 -62.3 29 0.30 604.9 607.3 605.0 Station information and sounding indices Station identifier: DDC Station number: 72451 Observation time: 011010/0000 Station latitude: 37.77 Station longitude: -99.97 Station elevation: 790.0 Station latitude: 37.77 Station longitude: -99.97 Station elevation: 790.00 Showalter index: -2.66 Lifted index: -4.21 LIFT computed using virtual temperature: -4.88 SWEAT index: 421.25 K index: 34.10 Cross totals index: 21.90 Vertical totals index: 29.90 Totals totals index: 51.80 Convective Available Potential Energy: 2172.86 CAPE using virtual temperature: 2320.87 Convective Inhibition: -58.90 CINS using virtual temperature: -24.71 Equilibrum Level: 195.99 Equilibrum Level using virtual temperature: 195.98 Level of Free Convection: 734.65 LFCT using virtual temperature: 752.93 Bulk Richardson Number: 25.77 Bulk Richardson Number using CAPV: 27.52 Temp [K] of the Lifted Condensation Level: 285.66 Pres [hPa] of the Lifted Condensation Level: 774.85 Mean mixed layer potential temperature: 307.27 Mean mixed layer mixing ratio: 11.93 1000 hPa to 500 hPa thickness: 5730.00 Precipitable water [mm] for entire sounding: 24.10
72456 TOP Topeka Observations at 00Z 10 Oct 2001 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRES HGHT TEMP DWPT RELH MIXR DRCT SKNT THTA THTE THTV hPa m C C % g/kg deg knot K K K ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1000.0 65 977.0 270 20.0 17.0 83 12.63 160 20 295.1 331.5 297.3 973.0 305 19.8 16.8 83 12.53 160 24 295.2 331.4 297.4 943.0 573 17.8 15.4 86 11.80 173 48 295.9 330.1 298.0 938.9 610 17.8 15.2 85 11.68 175 51 296.2 330.1 298.3 925.0 737 17.8 14.4 80 11.27 180 51 297.5 330.4 299.5 912.0 859 19.2 12.2 64 9.88 180 51 300.1 329.4 301.9 906.1 914 18.8 11.8 64 9.67 180 51 300.3 329.0 302.0 874.3 1219 16.4 9.4 63 8.56 185 51 300.9 326.5 302.5 850.0 1460 14.6 7.6 63 7.76 185 49 301.4 324.7 302.8 836.0 1600 13.6 7.6 67 7.89 189 45 301.8 325.5 303.2 813.5 1829 12.8 5.6 62 7.07 195 39 303.3 324.8 304.6 784.5 2134 11.7 3.0 55 6.09 200 33 305.3 324.1 306.4 761.0 2389 10.8 0.8 50 5.36 208 33 307.0 323.7 308.0 756.5 2438 10.3 0.7 51 5.34 210 33 307.0 323.7 308.0 729.0 2743 7.4 -0.0 59 5.27 215 33 307.1 323.5 308.1 700.0 3078 4.2 -0.8 70 5.18 210 31 307.1 323.3 308.1 676.6 3353 1.7 -1.5 79 5.09 210 28 307.3 323.3 308.3 670.0 3433 1.0 -1.7 82 5.07 213 29 307.4 323.2 308.3 651.3 3658 -0.5 -3.3 81 4.63 220 31 308.2 322.8 309.0 603.2 4267 -4.6 -7.6 79 3.59 235 42 310.3 321.8 311.0 593.0 4403 -5.5 -8.6 79 3.38 235 42 310.8 321.7 311.4 579.0 4590 -6.5 -17.5 41 1.68 235 41 311.7 317.4 312.0 560.0 4849 -8.3 -19.3 41 1.49 235 40 312.6 317.7 312.9 558.0 4877 -8.6 -18.3 45 1.63 235 40 312.6 318.1 312.9 552.0 4961 -9.3 -15.3 62 2.12 235 40 312.7 319.8 313.1 546.0 5045 -9.5 -17.5 52 1.78 235 40 313.4 319.4 313.8 537.0 5173 -10.3 -14.5 71 2.33 235 39 313.9 321.7 314.4 500.0 5720 -13.3 -19.3 61 1.67 235 38 316.8 322.5 317.1 485.0 5952 -14.3 -23.3 46 1.21 235 39 318.3 322.6 318.5 477.0 6078 -15.1 -19.7 68 1.69 235 40 318.8 324.7 319.1 475.9 6096 -15.1 -21.4 59 1.47 235 40 319.0 324.1 319.3 472.0 6158 -15.3 -27.3 35 0.87 236 40 319.5 322.7 319.7 441.0 6668 -19.7 -31.7 34 0.61 240 44 320.2 322.5 320.4 438.8 6706 -19.9 -32.7 31 0.56 240 44 320.5 322.6 320.6 411.0 7191 -21.9 -45.9 9 0.15 233 50 323.9 324.5 323.9 400.0 7390 -23.5 -47.5 9 0.13 230 53 324.4 324.9 324.4 387.4 7620 -25.3 -49.1 9 0.11 230 53 325.0 325.5 325.0 339.0 8575 -32.7 -55.7 8 0.06 227 58 327.5 327.8 327.5 312.2 9144 -38.0 -51.5 23 0.11 225 61 328.0 328.4 328.0 300.0 9420 -40.5 -49.5 37 0.14 220 66 328.2 328.8 328.2 278.0 9935 -44.5 -50.5 51 0.13 216 73 329.6 330.2 329.6 268.0 10180 -46.1 -57.1 28 0.06 214 76 330.8 331.0 330.8 250.0 10640 -48.7 -62.7 18 0.03 210 82 333.5 333.7 333.5 248.9 10668 -48.9 -62.6 19 0.03 210 82 333.6 333.7 333.6 238.0 10960 -51.4 -61.3 30 0.04 215 87 334.2 334.4 334.2 237.5 10973 -51.5 -61.2 30 0.04 215 87 334.2 334.4 334.2 230.0 11183 -53.3 -60.3 42 0.05 218 83 334.6 334.8 334.6 213.0 11672 -57.3 -65.3 35 0.03 225 72 335.8 335.9 335.8 200.0 12070 -57.9 -66.9 31 0.02 230 72 340.9 341.0 340.9 171.0 13058 -56.5 -71.5 13 0.01 240 57 358.8 358.9 358.8 169.7 13106 -56.7 -71.8 13 0.01 240 56 359.3 359.4 359.3 150.0 13880 -59.9 -76.9 9 0.01 245 54 366.7 366.7 366.7 139.0 14353 -63.3 -80.3 8 0.00 243 49 368.8 368.8 368.8 130.0 14767 -60.7 -78.7 8 0.01 242 45 380.6 380.6 380.6 120.5 15240 -62.1 -80.9 6 0.00 240 40 386.4 386.4 386.4 119.0 15316 -62.3 -81.3 6 0.00 240 40 387.4 387.4 387.4 103.9 16154 -62.8 -81.8 6 0.00 245 35 401.8 401.8 401.8 100.0 16390 -62.9 -81.9 6 0.00 250 33 405.9 406.0 405.9 98.9 16459 -63.1 -81.9 6 0.00 250 32 406.9 406.9 406.9 93.8 16783 -63.9 -81.9 7 0.01 250 31 411.4 411.5 411.5 80.5 17725 -61.5 -78.5 9 0.01 250 27 434.8 434.8 434.8 79.4 17810 -60.9 -83.9 3 0.00 250 27 437.7 437.7 437.7 77.2 17983 -61.0 -83.4 4 0.00 250 26 440.9 441.0 440.9 72.6 18366 -61.3 -82.3 5 0.01 448.2 448.2 448.2 Station information and sounding indices Station identifier: TOP Station number: 72456 Observation time: 011010/0000 Station latitude: 39.07 Station longitude: -95.62 Station elevation: 270.0 Station latitude: 39.07 Station longitude: -95.62 Station elevation: 270.00 Showalter index: 0.64 Lifted index: -2.22 LIFT computed using virtual temperature: -2.48 SWEAT index: 347.93 K index: 30.50 Cross totals index: 20.90 Vertical totals index: 27.90 Totals totals index: 48.80 Convective Available Potential Energy: 340.94 CAPE using virtual temperature: 401.24 Convective Inhibition: -182.26 CINS using virtual temperature: -146.12 Equilibrum Level: 281.41 Equilibrum Level using virtual temperature: 280.81 Level of Free Convection: 703.55 LFCT using virtual temperature: 711.85 Bulk Richardson Number: 4.78 Bulk Richardson Number using CAPV: 5.62 Temp [K] of the Lifted Condensation Level: 288.13 Pres [hPa] of the Lifted Condensation Level: 909.93 Mean mixed layer potential temperature: 296.03 Mean mixed layer mixing ratio: 11.92 1000 hPa to 500 hPa thickness: 5655.00 Precipitable water [mm] for entire sounding: 30.44
72562 LBF North Platte Observations at 00Z 10 Oct 2001 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRES HGHT TEMP DWPT RELH MIXR DRCT SKNT THTA THTE THTV hPa m C C % g/kg deg knot K K K ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1000.0 13 925.0 678 906.0 849 16.0 11.0 72 9.18 310 18 297.4 324.4 299.1 899.1 914 15.4 10.6 73 9.02 310 19 297.4 323.9 299.0 867.4 1219 12.4 8.9 79 8.34 320 22 297.4 322.0 298.9 863.0 1263 12.0 8.7 80 8.24 316 21 297.4 321.7 298.9 850.0 1391 12.4 9.6 83 8.90 305 18 299.1 325.5 300.7 836.6 1524 12.4 8.8 79 8.59 300 18 300.4 326.0 302.0 806.8 1829 12.3 7.1 71 7.92 245 17 303.5 327.4 304.9 791.0 1996 12.2 6.2 67 7.57 234 18 305.1 328.2 306.5 777.9 2134 11.0 5.3 68 7.22 225 18 305.3 327.4 306.6 750.0 2438 8.5 3.2 70 6.49 210 18 305.8 325.7 306.9 728.0 2685 6.4 1.6 71 5.94 222 22 306.1 324.5 307.2 722.9 2743 6.5 -0.7 60 5.07 225 23 306.8 322.7 307.8 719.0 2787 6.6 -2.4 53 4.48 225 23 307.4 321.5 308.2 700.0 3007 5.2 -2.8 56 4.47 225 23 308.2 322.3 309.0 685.0 3184 4.4 -4.6 52 3.99 225 23 309.2 322.0 310.0 645.7 3658 0.4 -5.8 63 3.87 225 22 310.0 322.4 310.7 607.0 4154 -3.7 -7.0 78 3.75 233 25 310.8 322.8 311.5 598.3 4267 -4.3 -8.5 73 3.38 235 26 311.3 322.3 311.9 553.4 4877 -7.8 -16.7 49 1.88 225 28 314.3 320.7 314.6 544.0 5012 -8.5 -18.5 44 1.64 227 29 314.9 320.6 315.2 500.0 5660 -12.9 -20.9 51 1.45 235 34 317.2 322.3 317.5 471.9 6096 -16.2 -24.2 50 1.15 240 33 318.4 322.5 318.6 453.2 6401 -18.6 -26.6 49 0.97 240 33 319.2 322.6 319.4 449.0 6471 -19.1 -27.1 49 0.93 239 33 319.4 322.7 319.5 438.0 6655 -19.9 -30.9 37 0.67 236 34 320.6 323.1 320.8 400.0 7320 -26.1 -38.1 31 0.36 225 38 321.0 322.4 321.1 383.5 7620 -28.7 -42.1 26 0.25 225 35 321.4 322.4 321.5 355.0 8172 -33.5 -49.5 18 0.12 225 35 322.2 322.6 322.2 308.2 9144 -41.9 -53.7 27 0.08 225 34 323.7 324.0 323.7 300.0 9330 -43.5 -54.5 29 0.08 225 34 323.9 324.3 323.9 270.0 10029 -49.5 -58.5 34 0.05 219 33 325.1 325.3 325.1 250.0 10530 -51.3 -62.3 26 0.04 215 32 329.7 329.8 329.7 244.7 10668 -51.7 -63.0 25 0.03 215 31 331.1 331.3 331.1 202.3 11887 -55.1 -68.9 16 0.02 220 44 344.2 344.3 344.2 200.0 11960 -55.3 -69.3 16 0.02 225 42 345.0 345.1 345.0 192.8 12192 -56.1 -70.4 15 0.01 235 33 347.4 347.5 347.4 183.7 12497 -57.2 -71.8 14 0.01 215 26 350.5 350.6 350.5 176.0 12769 -58.1 -73.1 13 0.01 205 29 353.3 353.3 353.3 175.1 12802 -58.0 -73.2 13 0.01 195 32 353.9 354.0 353.9 159.0 13411 -56.7 -74.2 9 0.01 215 56 366.0 366.1 366.0 150.0 13780 -55.9 -74.9 8 0.01 220 51 373.6 373.6 373.6 125.0 14927 -61.7 -80.7 6 0.00 228 41 383.0 383.1 383.0 118.9 15240 -59.7 -79.1 6 0.01 230 38 392.2 392.3 392.2 111.0 15673 -56.9 -76.9 6 0.01 237 38 405.2 405.3 405.2 105.0 16023 -59.1 -80.1 5 0.01 243 37 407.5 407.6 407.6 102.8 16154 -59.1 -80.1 5 0.01 245 37 410.0 410.0 410.0 100.0 16330 -59.1 -80.1 5 0.01 245 36 413.3 413.3 413.3 98.0 16459 -59.8 -79.9 6 0.01 245 36 414.4 414.4 414.4 97.6 16482 -59.9 -79.9 6 0.01 245 36 414.6 414.6 414.6 88.5 17095 -56.9 -77.9 5 0.01 248 28 432.3 432.4 432.4 80.7 17678 -57.5 -78.9 5 0.01 250 21 442.6 442.7 442.6 76.8 17983 -57.9 -79.5 5 0.01 235 22 448.1 448.2 448.1 70.0 18570 -58.5 -80.5 4 0.01 240 22 458.9 458.9 458.9 63.3 19202 -58.9 -80.9 4 0.01 250 17 471.4 471.4 471.4 50.0 20680 -59.9 -81.9 4 0.01 210 9 501.9 502.0 501.9 46.2 21173 -60.7 -81.7 5 0.01 240 13 511.4 511.5 511.4 45.0 21336 -59.6 -81.0 5 0.01 250 14 517.9 518.0 517.9 41.1 21910 -55.7 -78.7 4 0.02 260 16 541.3 541.4 541.3 33.8 23165 -53.8 -78.5 3 0.03 280 20 577.3 577.5 577.3 32.6 23394 -53.5 -78.5 3 0.03 275 21 584.1 584.4 584.2 32.0 23513 -53.1 -66.1 19 0.16 273 21 588.3 589.6 588.4 31.8 23554 -52.9 -75.9 5 0.04 272 21 589.9 590.3 589.9 30.0 23930 -52.9 -77.9 3 0.03 265 23 599.8 600.1 599.8 29.3 24079 -52.8 -77.8 3 0.03 265 24 604.1 604.4 604.2 24.3 25298 -51.7 -76.7 3 0.05 290 15 640.7 641.2 640.7 21.3 26147 -50.9 -75.9 4 0.06 269 16 667.5 668.1 667.5 20.1 26518 -47.9 -73.7 3 0.09 260 16 687.7 688.6 687.7 20.0 26560 -47.5 -73.5 3 0.09 260 18 690.0 690.9 690.0 18.7 27005 -45.9 -72.9 3 0.11 265 20 708.4 709.5 708.4 17.5 27432 -46.3 -73.6 3 0.10 270 22 720.3 721.4 720.3 14.9 28509 -47.3 -75.3 3 0.09 274 28 751.2 752.2 751.3 12.6 29610 -49.5 -75.5 3 0.11 277 34 780.4 781.6 780.5 11.1 30480 -46.2 -73.9 3 0.16 280 39 822.2 824.0 822.3 10.0 31140 -43.7 -72.7 3 0.21 285 40 855.3 857.8 855.4 9.0 31848 -43.5 -72.5 3 0.24 285 40 882.2 885.2 882.3 8.8 32004 -41.5 -71.1 3 0.29 285 40 895.9 899.6 896.1 8.7 32077 -40.5 -70.5 3 0.33 902.4 906.6 902.6 Station information and sounding indices Station identifier: LBF Station number: 72562 Observation time: 011010/0000 Station latitude: 41.13 Station longitude: -100.68 Station elevation: 849.0 Station latitude: 41.13 Station longitude: -100.68 Station elevation: 849.00 Showalter index: 0.67 Lifted index: 1.96 LIFT computed using virtual temperature: 1.81 SWEAT index: 185.32 K index: 26.90 Cross totals index: 22.50 Vertical totals index: 25.30 Totals totals index: 47.80 Convective Available Potential Energy: 0.00 CAPE using virtual temperature: 0.00 Convective Inhibition: 0.00 CINS using virtual temperature: 0.00 Bulk Richardson Number: 0.00 Bulk Richardson Number using CAPV: 0.00 Temp [K] of the Lifted Condensation Level: 281.97 Pres [hPa] of the Lifted Condensation Level: 828.85 Mean mixed layer potential temperature: 297.51 Mean mixed layer mixing ratio: 8.67 1000 hPa to 500 hPa thickness: 5647.00 Precipitable water [mm] for entire sounding: 22.83